Gene Cloning and Human Genome Project
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
1. Gene cloning is a process where
(a) gene is cloned in an animal
(b) fragments of DNA are transferred from one organism to another, usually carried on a DNA vector
(c) fragments of DNA cloned in the same organism using carrier
(d) DNA is cloned in plants
Answer: (c) fragments of DNA cloned in the same organism using carrier
2. Enzyme that cleaves nucleic acids within the polynucleotide chain is known as
(a) exonuclease
(b) sulphate
(c) endonuclease
(d) phosphotriesterase
Answer: (c) endonuclease
3. A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called
(a) vector
(b) selectable marker
(c) plasmid
(d) probe
Answer: (d) probe
4. For transformation, microparticles coated with DNA to be bombarded with gene gun are made up of
(a) silver or platinum
(b) platinum or zinc
(c) gold or tungsten
(d) none
Answer: (c) gold or tungsten
5. The usual source of restriction endonucleases used in gene cloning is
(a) fungi
(b) bacteria
(c) plants
(d) viruses
Answer: (b) bacteria
6. Bolistics (gene gun) is suitable for
(a) disarming pathogen vectors
(b) transformation of plant cells
(c) constructing recombinant DNA by joining with vectors
(d) DNA fingerprinting
Answer: (b) transformation of plant cells
7. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used
(a) as selectable markers
(b) to select healthy vectors
(c) as sequences from where replication starts
(d) to keep the cultures free of infection
Answer: (a) as selectable markers
8. In a genetic engineering experiment, restriction enzymes can be used for
(a) bacterial DNA only
(b) viral DNA only
(c) any DNA fragment
(d) Eukaryotic DNA only
Answer: (c) any DNA fragment
9. Which of the following is used to select genes of interest from a genomic library?
(a) restriction enzymes
(b) cloning vectors
(c) gene targets
(d) DNA probes
Answer: (d) DNA probes
10. The enzymes which are absolutely necessary for recombinant DNA technology are
(a) restriction endonucleases and top isomerases
(b) endonucleases and polymerases
(c) restriction endonucleases and ligases
(d) peptidases and ligases
Answer: (c) restriction endonucleases and ligases
11. Which of the following is a plasmid?
(a) pBR322
(b) Bam HI
(c) Sal I
(d) Eco RI
Answer: (a) pBR322
12. Which of the following are used in gene cloning?
(a) lomasomes
(b) mesosomes
(c) plasmids
(d) nucleoids
Answer: (c) plasmids
13. The technique used for separating molecules by passing electric current is
(a) fractionation
(b) centrifugation
(c) electrophoresis
(d) ELISA
Answer: (c) electrophoresis
14. Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears get destroyed in
(a) fractionation
(b) centrifugation
(c) electrophoresis
(d) ELISA
Answer: (b) centrifugation
15. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector is possible because of
(a) DNA polymerases
(b) exonucleases
(c) DNA ligase
(d) endonucleases
Answer: (c) DNA ligase
16. Which one among the following is just the cloning plasmid not an expression plasmid?
(a) pBAD-18-cam
(b) pBCSK
(c) pUC-18
(d) pET
Answer: (c) pUC-18
17. Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry with
(a) exonuclease
(b) gyrase
(c) endonuclease
(d) ligase
Answer: (c) endonuclease
18. The construction of the first recombinant DNA was done by using the native plasmid of
(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Salmonella typhimurium
(c) B.thuringiensis
(d) Agrobacterium
Answer: (b) Salmonella typhimurium
19. Restriction endonuclease
(a) cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites
(b) restricts the synthesis of DNA inside the nucleus
(c) restricts the synthesis of DNA outside the nucleus
(d) synthesizes DNA
Answer: (a) cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites
20. Molecular scissor is
(a) peptidase
(b) urease
(c) restriction endonuclease
(d) helicase
Answer: (c) restriction endonuclease
21. Polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR) is used for
(a) DNA identification
(b) DNA amplification
(c) DNA repair
(d) cleaving DNA
Answer: (b) DNA amplification
22. Biotechnology involves the application of biological
(a) organisms
(b) systems
(c) processes
(d) all of the above
Answer: (d) all of the above
23. Fermentation products like south Indian foods are the result of
(a) old biotechnology
(b) new biotechnology
(c) recombinant DNA
(d) genetic engineering
Answer: (a) old biotechnology
24. Desired characters can be introduced into an organism using
(a) sexual reproduction
(b) plant breeding methods
(c) Recombinant DNA technology
(d) microprojection
Answer: (c) Recombinant DNA technology
25. The bands obtained by gel electrophoresis during DNA separation are stained with
(a) methyl blue
(b) potassium chlorate
(c) ethidium bromide
(d) chloral hydrate
Answer: (c) ethidium bromide
26. The enzyme used to remove the phosphate group from 5′ hydroxyl group is
(a) Restriction endonuclease
(b) DNA ligase
(c) DNA polymerases
(d) Alkaline phosphatase
Answer: (d) Alkaline phosphatase
27. Which of the following can be used as selectable marker?
(a) Z gene of lac operon
(b) gene of Agrobacterium
(c) Ori sequence
(d) none of these
Answer: (a) Z gene of lac operon
28. The letters pBR of pBR 322 stands for
(a) plasmid, bacterium
(b) plasmid bacteriophage
(c) plasmid, Boliver and Rodriguez
(d) none
Answer: (c) plasmid, Boliver and Rodriguez
29. BAC vector is preferred because it contains
(a) F factor
(b) selectable marker
(c) cloning sites
(d) all of these
Answer: (d) all of these
30. Yeasts are very suitable as host cell because these are
(a) simplest eukaryotic organisms
(b) unicellular prokaryotes
(c) can reproduce sexually
(d) none of these
Answer: (a) simplest eukaryotic organisms
31. Bacterial cell wall is effectively removed by
(a) cellulose
(b) liposomes
(c) lysozymes
(d) pectinase
Answer: (c) lysozymes
32. Escherichia coli cells are made competent to observe external DNA by
(a) giving the high-temperature
(b) suspending them in cold calcium chloride
(c) treating the cells with sodium chloride
(d) growing them in culture
Answer: (b) suspending them in cold calcium chloride
33. A process where calcium ions help in DNA transfer is called
(a) transduction
(b) transfection
(c) transformation
(d) transition
Answer: (b) transfection
34. The fact that the cloned DNA fragment disturbs the coding sequence of the gene is known as
(a) stimulation
(b) inhibition
(c) insertional inactivation
(d) non-recombinant
Answer: (c) insertional inactivation
35. The inserted genes generally express themselves as
(a) enzymes
(b) proteins
(c) inorganic compounds
(d) carbohydrates
Answer: (b) proteins
36. Restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering because they
(a) can cut DNA at specific base sequence
(b) are proteolytic enzymes which can degrade harmful proteins
(c) are nucleases that cut DNA at variable sites
(d) can join different DNA fragments
Answer: (a) can cut DNA at specific base sequence
37. In genetic engineering an enzyme used is
(a) topoisomerases
(b) ligase
(c) restriction endonuclease
(d) replicase
Answer: (c) restriction endonuclease
38. Combining the DNA’s of two species into a single DNA molecule is called
(a) genetic recombination
(b) Recombinant DNA techniques
(c) crossing over
(d) gene amplification
Answer: (b) Recombinant DNA techniques
39. Which of the following is not the cloning vector?
(a) Agrobacterium
(b) Yeast
(c) Neurospora
(d) Bacteriophage
Answer: (c) Neurospora
40. DNA can be separated by
(a) gel electrophoresis
(b) autoradiography
(c) x-ray crystallography
(d) centrifugation
Answer: (a) gel electrophoresis
41. Restriction endonucleases are utilised in genetic engineering for
(a) molecular degradation to DNA break up
(b) molecular build up of nucleotides
(c) molecular scalpels for cutting DNA specific sites
(d) molecular cement for combining DNA pieces into long chains
Answer: (c) molecular scalpels for cutting DNA specific sites
42. Plasmids are used in genetic engineering because they
(a) are easily available
(b) can replicate
(c) can integrate with host chromosomes
(d) are inert
Answer: (c) can integrate with host chromosomes
43. Which of the following is a commonly used bacterium in plant genetic engineering?
(a) Salmonella typhi
(b) Bacillus subtilis
(c) Corynebacterium
(d) Agrobacterium
Answer: (d) Agrobacterium
44. One of the following bacterium is a good vector in genetic engineering?
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
(b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(c) Salmonella typhi
(d) None
Answer: (b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
45. Which of the following enzymes is used to join bits of DNA?
(a) ligase
(b) primase
(c) DNA polymerase
(d) endonuclease
Answer: (a) ligase
46. Construction of recombinant DNA involves
(a) cleaving DNA segments with ligase and rejoining them with endonuclease
(b) cleaving and rejoining DNA segments with ligase alone
(c) cleaving and rejoining DNA segments with ennuclease alone
(d) cleaving DNA segments with endonuclease and rejoining them with ligase
Answer: (d) cleaving DNA segments with endonuclease and rejoining them with ligase
47. The sites of DNA where restriction enzymes act are generally
(a) pallindromic
(b) tandem repeats
(c) CG rich region
(d) TATA boxes
Answer: (a) pallindromic
48. Which of the following is necessary to make accurate copies of vector DNA?
(a) RNA polymerase
(b) DNA polymerase
(c) DNA ligase
(d) Endonucleases
Answer: (b) DNA polymerase
49. What is the name of the site where foreign DNA can be inserted in plasmid of Agrobacterium?
(a) t-RNA
(b) c-DNA
(c) T-DNA
(d) B-DNA
Answer: (c) T-DNA
50. A method used to insert DNA molecules into the cells by using short electrical impulses is known as
(a) biolistics
(b) microinjection
(c) liposomes
(d) electroporation
Answer: (d) electroporation