Osmoregulation and Excretion in Animals
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
1. Blood coming out of liver has high concentration of
(a) urea
(b) protein
(c) oxygen
(d) erythrocytes
Answer: (a) urea
2. Snakes/animals living in deserts are
(a) ureotelic
(b) uricotelic
(c) ammonotelic
(d) both a and b
Answer: (b) uricotelic
3. Urinary bladder opens into
(a) uterus
(b) ureter
(c) urethra
(d) none of these
Answer: (c) urethra
4. Reabsorption of water in the kidney is under the control of
(a) ADH
(b) ACTH
(c) LH
(d) FAH
Answer: (a) ADH
5. Normal adult excretes urine per day
(a) 4-5 litres
(b) 3-4 litres
(c) 2-3 litres
(d) 1.2 to 1.5 litres
Answer: (d) 1.2 to 1.5 litres
6. The correct order of ornithine cycle of urea formation is
(a) ornithine, arginine, citrulline
(b) ornithine, citrulline, arginine
(c) ornithine, arginine, urinine
(d) ornithine, urinine arginine
Answer: (b) ornithine, citrulline, arginine
7. Surplus amino acids are broken down to form urea in
(a) spleen
(b) kidneys
(c) intestine
(d) liver
Answer: (d) liver
8. Loop of Henle lies in
(a) cortex
(b) medulla
(c) pelvis
(d) ureter
Answer: (b) medulla
9. Removal of amino group from an amino acid is
(a) amination
(b) deamination
(c) excretion
(d) defecation
Answer: (b) deamination
10. Glomeruler filtrate differs from plasma in
(a) absence of proteins
(b) yellowish colour
(c) presence of urea
(d) potassium concentration
Answer: (a) absence of proteins
11. Glucose present in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in
(a) Bowman’s capsule
(b) distal convoluted tubule
(c) proximal convoluted tubule
(d) Loop of Henle
Answer: (c) proximal convoluted tubule
12. Nitrogenous wastes are excreted as uric acid in bird to help in
(a) conservation of water inside body
(b) reducing the chance of kidney stone formation
(c) conservation of body heat
(d) elimination of excess heat
Answer: (a) conservation of water inside body
13. Structural and functional unit of kidney is
(a) Glomerulus
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Malpighian body
(d) Nephron
Answer: (d) Nephron
14. Ornithine cycle was discovered by
(a) Malpighi
(b) Krebs
(c) Krebs and Hanseliet
(d) Bowman
Answer: (c) Krebs and Hanseliet
15. Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate through
(a) active transport
(b) passive transport
(c) osmosis
(d) diffusion
Answer: (a) active transport
16. Which one of the four parts mentioned below does not constitute a part of single uriniferous tubule?
(a) Henle’s loop
(b) Bowman’s capsule
(c) Glomerulus
(d) Collecting duct
Answer: (d) Collecting duct
17. Besides urination, another important activity in which water is substantially lost from the body is
(a) salivation
(b) defaection
(c) expiration
(d) inspiration
Answer: (c) expiration
18. Reabsorption of chloride ions from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney tubule of mammal is carried out by
(a) osmosis
(b) diffusion
(c) active transport
(d) brownian movement
Answer: (b) diffusion
19. Uric acid is excreted in
(a) frog
(b) rabbit
(c) man
(d) pigeon
Answer: (d) pigeon
20. Length of female urethra is
(a) 2cm
(b) 4cm
(c) 5cm
(d) 6cm
Answer: (b) 4cm
21. In man which blood vessel takes away blood from the kidney?
(a) afferent arteriole
(b) efferent arteriole
(c) renal vein
(d) renal portal vein
Answer: (c) renal vein
22. Excretion is mainly responsible for the removal of
(a) excess of water
(b) carbon dioxide
(c) unnecessary and harmful products
(d) waste products of the animals own metabolism
Answer: (d) waste products of the animals own metabolism
23. Which of the following influences the activity of kidney?
(a) gonadotrophins
(b) vasopressin
(c) vasopressin and aldosterone
(d) thyroxine
Answer: (c) vasopressin and aldosterone
24. Ascending loop of henle is permeable to
(a) sodium ions
(b) potassium ions
(c) chloride ions
(d) all of the above
Answer: (d) all of the above
25. Ammonia is changed to uric acid in the liver of
(a) ammonotelic animals
(b) uricotelic animals
(c) ornithotelic animals
(d) none of the above
Answer: (b) uricotelic animals
26. Renin is released from
(a) juxtaglomerular apparatus
(b) cortical nephron
(c) collecting duct
(d) pelvis
Answer: (a) juxtaglomerular apparatus
27. Which of the following is a metabolic waste of protein metabolism?
(a) Ammonia, urea and carbon dioxide
(b) Urea, oxygen and nitrogen
(c) Urea, ammonia and alanine
(d) Urea, ammonia and creatinine
Answer: (d) Urea, ammonia and creatinine
28. The number of nephrons in kidney is equal to
(a) the number of bowman’s capsules
(b) sum of bowman’s capsules and malpighian capsules
(c) sum of bowman’s capsules and glomeruli
(d) double the number of bowman’s capsules
Answer: (a) the number of bowman’s capsules
29. Excretory organs of flatworms are
(a) malpighian tubules
(b) nephrons
(c) protonephridia
(d) nephridia
Answer: (c) protonephridia
30. The part of nephron that helps in active reabsorption of sodium is
(a) proximal convoluted tubule
(b) ascending limb of henle’s loop
(c) distal convoluted tubule
(d) bowman’s capsule
Answer: (c) distal convoluted tubule
31. If henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which one of the following is to be expected?
(a) there will be no urine formation
(b) there will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed
(c) the urine will be more concentrated
(d) the urine will be more dilute
Answer: (d) the urine will be more dilute
32. Haemodialysis is done in the condition when person is suffering from
(a) diabetes
(b) uremia
(c) anaemia
(d) goiter
Answer: (b) uremia
33. The excretory system of prawn is called
(a) malpighian tubules
(b) nephridia
(c) solenocytes
(d) green glands
Answer: (d) green glands
34. An x-ray of lower abdomen shows a shadow in the region of the ureter suspected to be a uretelic calculus, a possible clinical symptoms would be
(a) active renal failure
(b) anuria and haematuria
(c) motor aphasia
(d) chronic renal failure
Answer: (b) anuria and haematuria
35. Aquatic reptiles are
(a) ammonotelic
(b) uricotelic
(c) ammonotelic in water and uricotelic in land
(d) ureotelic
Answer: (c) ammonotelic in water and uricotelic in land
36. Loop of Henle is concerned with
(a) excretory system
(b) reproductive system
(c) nervous system
(d) muscular system
Answer: (a) excretory system
37. Urea is transported by
(a) plasma
(b) Blood
(c) RBC
(d) WBC
Answer: (b) Blood
38. The conversion of ammonia into urea occurs in
(a) Kidneys
(b) Lungs
(c) Intestine
(d) Liver
Answer: (d) Liver
39. The elimination of the insoluble calcium phosphate takes place by the
(a) Kidneys
(b) Liver
(c) Lungs
(d) Large intestine
Answer: (d) Large intestine
40. Animals in which nitrogen is excreted predominantly in the form of urea are
(a) Ammonotelic
(b) Ametelic
(c) Ureotelic
(d) Uricotelic
Answer: (c) Ureotelic
41. In the kidneys, the pressure gradient or effective filtration pressure is determined by
(a) glomerular hydrostatic pressure
(b) capsular hydrostatic pressure
(c) blood colloidal osmotic pressure
(d) all of these
Answer: (d) all of these
42. Surplus amino acids in the body are broken down to form urea in
(a) Kidney
(b) Liver
(c) Spleen
(d) Pancreas
Answer: (b) Liver
43. The kidneys resemble the contractile vacuoles of protozoans in
(a) expelling out excess of water
(b) expelling out glucose
(c) expelling out urea and uric acid
(d) expelling out salts
Answer: (a) expelling out excess of water
44. In fever too much of sugar may increase elimination in urine of
(a) NaCl
(b) Glucose
(c) Uric acid
(d) Phosphate
Answer: (b) Glucose
45. Morphological and physiological unit of vertebrate kidney is
(a) Ureter
(b) Nephridium
(c) Uriniferous tubule (nephron)
(d) Seminiferous tubule
Answer: (c) Uriniferous tubule (nephron)
46. For hypertonicity, urea is retained in
(a) Man
(b) Amphibians
(c) Birds
(d) Elasmobranch
Answer: (d) Elasmobranch
47. The yellow colour of urine of vertebrates is due to
(a) Cholesterol
(b) Urochroms
(c) Uric acid
(d) Melanin
Answer: (b) Urochroms
48. Physiologically urea is produced by the action of an enzyme
(a) Uricase
(b) Urease
(c) Arginase
(d) None
Answer: (c) Arginase
49. The highest concentration of urea is found in
(a) renal vein
(b) hepatic portal vein
(c) dorsal aorta
(d) hepatic vein
Answer: (d) hepatic vein
50. Excretion of bile pigments in urine indicates
(a) Anaemia
(b) Diabetes
(c) Rickets
(d) Jaundice
Answer: (d) Jaundice