Osmoregulation and Excretion in Animals (Multiple Choice Questions and Answers)

Osmoregulation and Excretion in Animals

Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

1. Blood coming out of liver has high concentration of

(a) urea

(b) protein

(c) oxygen

(d) erythrocytes

Answer: (a) urea

2. Snakes/animals living in deserts are

(a) ureotelic

(b) uricotelic

(c) ammonotelic

(d) both a and b

Answer: (b) uricotelic

3. Urinary bladder opens into

(a) uterus

(b) ureter

(c) urethra

(d) none of these

Answer: (c) urethra

4. Reabsorption of water in the kidney is under the control of

(a) ADH

(b) ACTH

(c) LH

(d) FAH

Answer: (a) ADH

5. Normal adult excretes urine per day

(a) 4-5 litres

(b) 3-4 litres

(c) 2-3 litres

(d) 1.2 to 1.5 litres

Answer: (d) 1.2 to 1.5 litres

6. The correct order of ornithine cycle of urea formation is

(a) ornithine, arginine, citrulline

(b) ornithine, citrulline, arginine

(c) ornithine, arginine, urinine

(d) ornithine, urinine arginine

Answer: (b) ornithine, citrulline, arginine

7. Surplus amino acids are broken down to form urea in

(a) spleen

(b) kidneys

(c) intestine

(d) liver

Answer: (d) liver

8. Loop of Henle lies in

(a) cortex

(b) medulla

(c) pelvis

(d) ureter

Answer: (b) medulla

9. Removal of amino group from an amino acid is

(a) amination

(b) deamination

(c) excretion

(d) defecation

Answer: (b) deamination

10. Glomeruler filtrate differs from plasma in

(a) absence of proteins

(b) yellowish colour

(c) presence of urea

(d) potassium concentration

Answer: (a) absence of proteins

11. Glucose present in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in

(a) Bowman’s capsule

(b) distal convoluted tubule

(c) proximal convoluted tubule

(d) Loop of Henle

Answer: (c) proximal convoluted tubule

12. Nitrogenous wastes are excreted as uric acid in bird to help in

(a) conservation of water inside body

(b) reducing the chance of kidney stone formation

(c) conservation of body heat

(d) elimination of excess heat

Answer: (a) conservation of water inside body

13. Structural and functional unit of kidney is

(a) Glomerulus

(b) Loop of Henle

(c) Malpighian body

(d) Nephron

Answer: (d) Nephron

14. Ornithine cycle was discovered by

(a) Malpighi

(b) Krebs

(c) Krebs and Hanseliet

(d) Bowman

Answer: (c) Krebs and Hanseliet

15. Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate through

(a) active transport

(b) passive transport

(c) osmosis

(d) diffusion

Answer: (a) active transport

16. Which one of the four parts mentioned below does not constitute a part of single uriniferous tubule?

(a) Henle’s loop

(b) Bowman’s capsule

(c) Glomerulus

(d) Collecting duct

Answer: (d) Collecting duct

17. Besides urination, another important activity in which water is substantially lost from the body is

(a) salivation

(b) defaection

(c) expiration

(d) inspiration

Answer: (c) expiration

18. Reabsorption of chloride ions from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney tubule of mammal is carried out by

(a) osmosis

(b) diffusion

(c) active transport

(d) brownian movement

Answer: (b) diffusion

19. Uric acid is excreted in

(a) frog

(b) rabbit

(c) man

(d) pigeon

Answer: (d) pigeon

20. Length of female urethra is

(a) 2cm

(b) 4cm

(c) 5cm

(d) 6cm

Answer: (b) 4cm

21. In man which blood vessel takes away blood from the kidney?

(a) afferent arteriole

(b) efferent arteriole

(c) renal vein

(d) renal portal vein

Answer: (c) renal vein

22. Excretion is mainly responsible for the removal of

(a) excess of water

(b) carbon dioxide

(c) unnecessary and harmful products

(d) waste products of the animals own metabolism

Answer: (d) waste products of the animals own metabolism

23. Which of the following influences the activity of kidney?

(a) gonadotrophins

(b) vasopressin

(c) vasopressin and aldosterone

(d) thyroxine

Answer: (c) vasopressin and aldosterone

24. Ascending loop of henle is permeable to

(a) sodium ions

(b) potassium ions

(c) chloride ions

(d) all of the above

Answer: (d) all of the above

25. Ammonia is changed to uric acid in the liver of

(a) ammonotelic animals

(b) uricotelic animals

(c) ornithotelic animals

(d) none of the above

Answer: (b) uricotelic animals

26. Renin is released from

(a) juxtaglomerular apparatus

(b) cortical nephron

(c) collecting duct

(d) pelvis

Answer: (a) juxtaglomerular apparatus

27. Which of the following is a metabolic waste of protein metabolism?

(a) Ammonia, urea and carbon dioxide

(b) Urea, oxygen and nitrogen

(c) Urea, ammonia and alanine

(d) Urea, ammonia and creatinine

Answer: (d) Urea, ammonia and creatinine

28. The number of nephrons in kidney is equal to

(a) the number of bowman’s capsules

(b) sum of bowman’s capsules and malpighian capsules

(c) sum of bowman’s capsules and glomeruli

(d) double the number of bowman’s capsules

Answer: (a) the number of bowman’s capsules

29. Excretory organs of flatworms are

(a) malpighian tubules

(b) nephrons

(c) protonephridia

(d) nephridia

Answer: (c) protonephridia

30. The part of nephron that helps in active reabsorption of sodium is

(a) proximal convoluted tubule

(b) ascending limb of henle’s loop

(c) distal convoluted tubule

(d) bowman’s capsule

Answer: (c) distal convoluted tubule

31. If henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which one of the following is to be expected?

(a) there will be no urine formation

(b) there will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed

(c) the urine will be more concentrated

(d) the urine will be more dilute

Answer: (d) the urine will be more dilute

32. Haemodialysis is done in the condition when person is suffering from

(a) diabetes

(b) uremia

(c) anaemia

(d) goiter

Answer: (b) uremia

33. The excretory system of prawn is called

(a) malpighian tubules

(b) nephridia

(c) solenocytes

(d) green glands

Answer: (d) green glands

34. An x-ray of lower abdomen shows a shadow in the region of the ureter suspected to be a uretelic calculus, a possible clinical symptoms would be

(a) active renal failure

(b) anuria and haematuria

(c) motor aphasia

(d) chronic renal failure

Answer: (b) anuria and haematuria

35. Aquatic reptiles are

(a) ammonotelic

(b) uricotelic

(c) ammonotelic in water and uricotelic in land

(d) ureotelic

Answer: (c) ammonotelic in water and uricotelic in land

36. Loop of Henle is concerned with

(a) excretory system

(b) reproductive system

(c) nervous system

(d) muscular system

Answer: (a) excretory system

37. Urea is transported by

(a) plasma

(b) Blood

(c) RBC

(d) WBC

Answer: (b) Blood

38. The conversion of ammonia into urea occurs in

(a) Kidneys

(b) Lungs

(c) Intestine

(d) Liver

Answer: (d) Liver

39. The elimination of the insoluble calcium phosphate takes place by the

(a) Kidneys

(b) Liver

(c) Lungs

(d) Large intestine

Answer: (d) Large intestine

40. Animals in which nitrogen is excreted predominantly in the form of urea are

(a) Ammonotelic

(b) Ametelic

(c) Ureotelic

(d) Uricotelic

Answer: (c) Ureotelic

41. In the kidneys, the pressure gradient or effective filtration pressure is determined by

(a) glomerular hydrostatic pressure

(b) capsular hydrostatic pressure

(c) blood colloidal osmotic pressure

(d) all of these

Answer: (d) all of these

42. Surplus amino acids in the body are broken down to form urea in

(a) Kidney

(b) Liver

(c) Spleen

(d) Pancreas

Answer: (b) Liver

43. The kidneys resemble the contractile vacuoles of protozoans in

(a) expelling out excess of water

(b) expelling out glucose

(c) expelling out urea and uric acid

(d) expelling out salts

Answer: (a) expelling out excess of water

44. In fever too much of sugar may increase elimination in urine of

(a) NaCl

(b) Glucose

(c) Uric acid

(d) Phosphate

Answer: (b) Glucose

45. Morphological and physiological unit of vertebrate kidney is

(a) Ureter

(b) Nephridium

(c) Uriniferous tubule (nephron)

(d) Seminiferous tubule

Answer: (c) Uriniferous tubule (nephron)

46. For hypertonicity, urea is retained in

(a) Man

(b) Amphibians

(c) Birds

(d) Elasmobranch

Answer: (d) Elasmobranch

47. The yellow colour of urine of vertebrates is due to

(a) Cholesterol

(b) Urochroms

(c) Uric acid

(d) Melanin

Answer: (b) Urochroms

48. Physiologically urea is produced by the action of an enzyme

(a) Uricase

(b) Urease

(c) Arginase

(d) None

Answer: (c) Arginase

49. The highest concentration of urea is found in

(a) renal vein

(b) hepatic portal vein

(c) dorsal aorta

(d) hepatic vein

Answer: (d) hepatic vein

50. Excretion of bile pigments in urine indicates

(a) Anaemia

(b) Diabetes

(c) Rickets

(d) Jaundice

Answer: (d) Jaundice