The Seed Structure and Germination
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
1. If cotyledons are brought above the soil, the germination is
(a) hypogeal
(b) epigeal
(c) vivipary
(d) none of these
Answer: (b) epigeal
2. The micropyle in a seed develop helps the entry of water
(a) water
(b) pollen tube
(c) male gamete
(d) none
Answer: (a) water
3. The position of shoot apex in monocot embryo is
(a) basal
(b) lateral
(c) terminal
(d) subterminal
Answer: (b) lateral
4. Scutellum is a
(a) endosperm of gymnosperms
(b) shield shaped cotyledons of monocots
(c) protective covering of radicle
(d) protective covering of plumule
Answer: (b) shield shaped cotyledons of monocots
5. Vivipary is the characteristic feature of
(a) hydrophytes
(b) xerophytes
(c) halophytes
(d) mesophytes
Answer: (c) halophytes
6. The tegmen of seed develops from
(a) perisperm
(b) funicle
(c) inner integument
(d) outer integument
Answer: (c) inner integument
7. Seed may be defined as
(a) ripened ovule
(b) fertilized ovary
(c) the gynoecium
(d) embryo
Answer: (a) ripened ovule
8. Embryonal axis is known as
(a) plumule
(b) hypocotyl
(c) epicotyl
(d) tigellum
Answer: (d) tigellum
9. The reserve food material in castor seed mostly occurs in the form of
(a) carbohydrates
(b) proteins
(c) oil
(d) sugar
Answer: (c) oil
10. Caruncle in castor seeds is
(a) the micropylar outgrowth of integument
(b) the endosperm
(c) shield shaped cotyledon
(d) extension of raphe
Answer: (a) the micropylar outgrowth of integument
11. If moistened seeds are placed in the following flasks, they would germinate best in the flask containing
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) oxygen
(c) nitrogen
(d) water
Answer: (b) oxygen
12. Vivipary in plants means
(a) germination of seeds in the crevices of stem where some soil is deposited
(b) development of pea nut fruits after the fertilization
(c) organisation of several shoots
(d) germination of seeds inside the fruit while it is still on the parent tree.
Answer: (d) germination of seeds inside the fruit while it is still on the parent tree.
13. The plant whose seeds are known to have the longest viability period is
(a) Carica papaya
(b) Nelumbo nucifera
(c) Zizyphus mauritiana
(d) Triticum vulgare
Answer: (b) Nelumbo nucifera
14. Removal of seed coat in dormant seeds by mechanical methods is called
(a) emasculation
(b) separation
(c) scarification
(d) vernalization
Answer: (c) scarification
15. When the seeds show hypogeal germination, the part that pushes the cotyledons into the soil is
(a) epicotyl
(b) hypocotyl
(c) plumule
(d) radical
Answer: (a) epicotyl
16. Hypogeal germination is found in
(a) bean
(b) maize
(c) Rhizophora
(d) Cucurbita
Answer: (b) maize
17. Protective layer of radicle during seed germination and endosperm formation is
(a) coleoptile
(b) coleorrhiza
(c) suspensor
(d) plumule
Answer: (b) coleorrhiza
18. When seed germinates while the fruit is attached to the parent plant, is called
(a) apomixes
(b) vivipary
(c) parthenocarpy
(d) parthenogenesis
Answer: (b) vivipary
19. Membranous leafy cotyledons are found in the seeds of
(a) castor
(b) bean
(c) gram
(d) pea
Answer: (a) castor
20. Exalbuminous seeds are found in
(a) Ricinus communis
(b) Cicer arietinum
(c) Tamarindus indica
(d) both b and c
Answer: (d) both b and c
21. A seed is
(a) developed ovule
(b) fertilized and developed ovule
(c) developed ovary
(d) fertilized and developed ovary
Answer: (b) fertilized and developed ovule
22. Hilum of seed is
(a) scar of micropyle
(b) scar of funiculus
(c) area through which pollen tube enters the ovule
(d) a grandular region which attracts pollen tube
Answer: (b) scar of funiculus
23. Tigellum is
(a) embryonic axis
(b) embryonic root
(c) embryonic shoot
(d) embryonic leaf
Answer: (a) embryonic axis
24. In exalbuminous seeds, the food is generally stored in
(a) cotyledons
(b) endosperm
(c) testa
(d) hypocotyl
Answer: (a) cotyledons
25. Integumentary outgrowth present over the micropyle of castor seed is
(a) chalaza
(b) caruncle
(c) aril
(d) wing
Answer: (b) caruncle
26. The remains of nucellus present in the seed constitute
(a) endosperm
(b) endocarp
(c) perisperm
(d) aril
Answer: (c) perisperm
27. In endospermic seeds, the cotyledons are
(a) leathery
(b) fleshy
(c) fleshy and green
(d) papery
Answer: (d) papery
28. Aleurone layer is
(a) outer layer of scutellum
(b) layer of pericarp specialised in absorption of water
(c) layer present in ovule that guides pollen tube
(d) layer present just outside endosperm and having protein grains
Answer: (d) layer present just outside endosperm and having protein grains
29. Coleorrhiza is
(a) covering of radicle
(b) covering of plumule
(c) plumule and rudimentary sheath
(d) radical and root cap
Answer: (a) covering of radicle
30. The function of caruncle is to
(a) protect the radicle and embryo
(b) check the entry of pathogen through micropyle
(c) protect against mechanical injury
(d) absorb water and its inward transfer through micropyle
Answer: (d) absorb water and its inward transfer through micropyle
31. Which of the following seeds is without hilum and micropyle?
(a) castor
(b) gram
(c) maize
(d) pea
Answer: (c) maize
32. The most appropriate definition of a seed in terms of its homologous organs found in spore producing land plants is
(a) a seed is an integumented sporangium with a single functional spore
(b) a seed is an integumented indehiscent megasporangium with a functional megaspore
(c) a seed is an integumented gymnosporangium
(d) a seed is an integumented bud containing an egg
Answer: (b) a seed is an integumented indehiscent megasporangium with a functional megaspore
33. Which of the following has shortest longevity of seeds?
(a) Oryza sativa
(b) Hevea brasiliensis
(c) Lupinus
(d) Nelumbo
Answer: (b) Hevea brasiliensis
34. By which of the following processes the seed absorbs ample of water and dormancy is overcome?
(a) vernalization
(b) scarification
(c) stratification
(d) devernalization
Answer: (b) scarification
35. The aleurone layer in maize grains is especially rich in
(a) proteins
(b) starch
(c) lipids
(d) auxins
Answer: (a) proteins
36. In cereal grain, single cotyledon is represented by
(a) coleoptile
(b) coleorrhiza
(c) scutellum
(d) prophyll
Answer: (c) scutellum
37. Find the correct answers: for germination of angiospermic seeds
(a) on hydration the seed germination showing increased enzyme activity
(b) respiration rate of germination seeds increases along with increased enzymatic activity
(c) increase in respiratory rate continue till senescence
(d) rate of enzymatic activity increases
Answer: (b) respiration rate of germination seeds increases along with increased enzymatic activity
38. Embryo axis above the cotyledon is known as
(a) hypocotyl
(b) funicle
(c) epicotyl
(d) raphe
Answer: (c) epicotyl
39. An example of a seed with endosperm, perisperm and caruncle is
(a) castor
(b) coffee
(c) lily
(d) cotton
Answer: (a) castor
40. Non endospermic seeds are found in
(a) barley
(b) castor
(c) bean
(d) wheat
Answer: (c) bean
41. In hypogeal germination plumule comes out of ground due to elongation of
(a) hypocotyl
(b) epicotyl
(c) cotyledons
(d) both a and b
Answer: (b) epicotyl
42. In monocotyledonous seeds the endosperm is surrounded by a layer called
(a) aleurone layer
(b) pericarp
(c) coleorrhiza
(d) none of these
Answer: (a) aleurone layer
43. A soft tissue present in the micropylar region of the castor seed is known as
(a) aril
(b) caruncle
(c) wing
(d) chalaza
Answer: (b) caruncle
44. In monocotyledonous seeds, the scutellum represents the
(a) cotyledon
(b) endosperm
(c) plumule
(d) none of these
Answer (a) cotyledon
45. The ability of mature seeds to germinate is known as
(a) viability
(b) seed dormancy
(c) both a and b
(d) none
Answer: (a) viability
46. Mangrove plants show……germination
(a) epigeal
(b) hypogeal
(c) viviparous
(d) none
Answer: (c) viviparous
47. ………tissues makes up the embryo of a seed
(a).permanent
(b) meristematic
(c) vascular
(d) sclerenchymatous
Answer: (b) meristematic
48. Arabidopsis has been used to demonstrate the role of ………. in seed dormancy
(a) ABA
(b) GA
(c) Ehylene
(d) Cytokinin
Answer: (a) ABA
49. Viviparous germination is found in
(a) Rhizophora
(b) Heritiera
(c) Ceriops
(d) All of these
Answer: (d)
50. The shield-shaped cotyledon in grains is known as
(a) Scutellum
(b) Plumule
(c) Radicle
(d) None
Answer: (a) Scutellum